American Megatrends Olympus Pentium III PCI ISA Instructions d'exploitation

1Passport / Mike Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / GlossaryGlossaryP:\010Comp\Passport\308-3\gloss.vpMonday, April 09, 2007 10:2

computers for precision and economy. An electronic circuit that can detect thedifference between two states (on–off, 0–1) is easier and more inexpensi

BOOT.INI A text file used during the boot process that provides a list of all OSscurrently installed and available for NTLDR. Also tells where each OS

buffer Electronic storage, usually DRAM, that holds data moving betweentwo devices. Buffers are used in situations where one device may send or receiv

caching The act of holding data in cache memory for faster access and use.card Generic term for anything that you can snap into an expansion slot.card

CD-R (compact disc recordable) A type of CD technology that accepts a sin-gle “burn” but cannot be erased after that one burn.CD-ROM (compact disc/rea

client/server network A network that has dedicated server machines and cli-ent machines.clock An electronic circuit that uses a quartz crystal to gene

code A set of symbols representing characters (e.g., ASCII code) or instruc-tions in a computer program (a programmer writes source code, which must b

compression The process of squeezing data to eliminate redundancies,allowing files to be stored or transmitted using less space.conditioning charger A

CPU fan The cooling unit that sits directly on and cools the CPU.CPUID Information stored in a CPU that gives very detailed informationabout every asp

daisy-chaining A method of connecting together several devices along a busand managing the signals for each device.DAT (digital audio tape) Higher sto

%Systemroot% The folder where the Windows boot files are located. This isby default the C:\Windows or C:\WINNT folder.1.44 MB The storage capacity of

dedicated telephone line A telephone line on a circuit that is always open, orconnected. Dedicated telephone lines usually are not assigned numbers.de

differential backup Similar to an incremental backup. Backs up the files thathave been changed since the last backup. This type of backup does not cha

Passport / Mike Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossarydisk striping Process by which data is spread among multiple (at least

and a common security policy. On the Internet, a domain is a group of computersthat share a common element in their hierarchical name. Other types of

DPI (dots per inch) A measure of printer resolution that counts the dots thedevice can produce per linear (horizontal) inch.DRAM (dynamic random acces

DVD (digital versatile disc) An optical media format that provides for 4–17GB of video or data storage.DVD Multi A description given to DVD drives tha

EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) AtypeofROM chip that can be erased and reprogrammed electrically. EEPROMs werethe most co

agreement outlines the terms of use for software and also lists any actions on thepart of the user that violate the agreement.Event Viewer A utility m

the address of the second cluster used to store that file. In the entry for the sec-ond cluster for that file is the address for the third cluster, an

filename A name assigned to a file when the file is first written on a disk. Ev-ery file on a disk within the same folder must have a unique name. Fil

34-pin ribbon cable This type of cable is used by floppy disk drives.386 Also called 80386. Intel’s third-generation processor. The 386 has a 32-bitex

30 MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORTPassport / Mike Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossaryform factor A standard for th

full-duplex Describes any device that can send and receive data simulta-neously.function key A keyboard key that gives an instruction to a computer, a

handshaking A procedure performed by modems, terminals, and computersto verify that communication has been correctly established.hang When a computer

GLOSSARY 33Passport / Mike Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossaryhex (hexadecimal) A base-16 numbering system using 10 digit

HRR (horizontal refresh rate) The amount of time it takes for a CRT to drawone horizontal line of pixels on a display.HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

ICS (Internet Connection Sharing) A method for allowing a single networkconnection to be shared among several machines. ICS was first introduced withW

36 MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORTPassport / Mike Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossaryincremental backup A type of

numbers that are translated into their shorthand numeric values. The IPaddress can be broken down into a network ID and a host ID.IPCONFIG A command-l

jack (physical connection) The part of a connector into which a plug isinserted. Jacks are also referred to as ports.Joliet An extension of the ISO 96

laser printer An electro-photographic printer in which a laser is used as thelight source.Last Known Good Configuration An option on the Advanced Star

Passport / Mike Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary80-wire cable Also called a D type cable. Special type of cable used w

level 3 (L3) cache The third RAM cache accessed by the CPU, which is muchlarger and slower than the L1 and L2 cache; accessed only if the requestedpro

LUNs (logical unit numbers) A specialized SCSI configuration that allows formultiple devices to share a single SCSI ID. This type of arrangement is fo

mega- A prefix that usually stands for the binary quantity 1,048,576 (220).One megabyte is 1,048,576 bytes. One megahertz, however, is a million hertz

a set of instructions rather than a copy of the sound, it is easy to modify eachcomponent of the file. Additionally, it is possible to program many ch

44 MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORTPassport / Mike Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossaryprocessing. Introduced with t

MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) The first operating system re-leased by Microsoft.multiboot A type of OS installation in which multiple opera

46 MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORTPassport / Mike Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / GlossaryNetBEUI (NetBIOS Extended Use

GLOSSARY 47Passport / Mike Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossarynode A member of a network or a point where one or more fun

48 MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORTPassport / Mike Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / GlossaryNTFS permissions A set of res

Layer 3 The Network layer moves packets between computers on dif-ferent networks. Routers operate at the Network layer. IP and IPX oper-ate at the Net

GLOSSARY 5Passport / Mike Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossaryaddress space The total amount of memory addresses that an a

partition A section of the storage area of a hard disk. A partition is createdduring initial preparation of the hard disk, before the disk is formatte

GLOSSARY 51Passport / Mike Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / GlossaryPCL A printer control language created by Hewlett-Packard a

physical address Defines a specific machine without any reference to its lo-cation or network. A MAC address is an example of a physical address.pin 1

SLIP, PPP, or shell account you almost always get a POP account with it; and itis this POP account that you tell your e-mail software to use to get yo

power conditioning The process of ensuring and adjusting incoming AC wallpower to as close to standard as possible. Most UPS devices provide power con

GLOSSARY 55Passport / Mike Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossarypromiscuous mode A mode of operation for a network interfac

Quick Launch menu A toolbar that enables you to launch commonly-usedprograms with a single click.QVGA Video display mode of 320 × 240.RAID (redundant

Recovery Console A command-line interface boot mode for Windows that isused to repair a Windows 2000 or Windows XP system that is suffering frommassiv

restore point A system snapshot created by the System Restore utility that isused to restore a malfunctioning system. See also system restore.RG-58 Co

Run dialog box A command box designed to enable users to enter the nameof a particular program to run; an alternative to locating the icon in Windows.

analog An analog device uses a physical quantity, such as length or voltage, torepresent the value of a number. By contrast, digital storage relies on

SCSI-2 Another SCSI standard that was the first SCSI standard to address allaspects of SCSI in detail. SCSI-2 defined a common command set that allowe

services Background programs running in Windows that provide a myriadof different functions such as printer spooling and wireless networking.SETUPLOG.

SmartMedia A format for flash media cards; no longer used with new devices.SMM (System Management Mode) A special CPU mode that enables theCPU to redu

Sounds and Audio Devices A Control Panel applet used to configure audiohardware and software in Windows XP.Southbridge The Southbridge is part of a mo

stick The generic name for a single physical SIMM, RIMM, or DIMM.STP (shielded twisted pair) A popular cabling for networks composed ofpairs of wires

synchronous Describes a connection between two electronic devices whereneither must acknowledge (“ACK”) when receiving data.system attribute A file at

system unit The main component of the PC in which the CPU, RAM,CD-ROM,and hard drive reside. All other devices like the keyboard, mouse, andmonitor co

terminator A resistor that is plugged into the end of a bus cable to absorb theexcess electrical signal, preventing it from bouncing back when it reac

68 MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORTPassport / Mike Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossarytransfer corona A thin wire,

upgrade installation An installation of Windows on top of an earlier in-stalled version, thus inheriting all previous hardware and software settings.U

APM (advanced power management) The BIOS routines that enable the CPUto turn on and off selected peripherals.archive To copy programs and data onto a

many other networking technologies. UTP is available in a variety of grades,called categories, as follows:Category 1 UTP Regular analog phone lines—no

virtual memory A section of a system’s hard drive that is set aside to be usedwhen physical memory is unavailable or completely in use.virus A program

VRR (vertical refresh rate) A measurement of the amount of time it takes fora CRT to draw a complete screen. This value is measured in hertz, or cycle

Windows NT The precursor to Windows 2000, XP, and Vista, which intro-duced many important features (such as HAL and NTFS) used in all later ver-sions

XGA (Extended Graphics Array) Video display mode of 1024 × 768.XMS (extended memory services) The RAM above 1 MB that is installed di-rectly on the mo

ATA (AT attachment) A type of hard drive and controller. ATA was designedto replace the earlier ST506 and ESDI drives without requiring replacement of

IIs, for example, had backside buses running at half the speed of the processor.See also frontside bus and EDB (external data bus).Backup or Restore W